"We were really excited to find this new connection that goes beyond quantum theory because the connection will be valid even for more exotic theories that are yet to be discovered," says Ludovico Lami, a member of the physics think-tank, the Foundational Questions Institute, FQXi, and a physicist at the University of Ulm, in Germany. Their study appears in Physical Review Letters. Now, a team of physicists and mathematicians has discovered a new connection between these two weird properties that does not assume that quantum theory is correct.
But many physicists believe that the ultimate theory of reality may lie beyond quantum theory. Both superposition and entanglement are described mathematically by quantum theory. The second involves "entanglement," the spooky link that can unite two objects, no matter how far they are separated. So a particle can be in two or more places at the same time, and you can only calculate the probability of finding it in a certain location when you look. The physics of the microrealm involves two famous and bizarre concepts: The first is that prior to observation, it is impossible to know with certainty the outcome of a measurement on a particle rather the particle exists in a "superposition" encompassing multiple mutually exclusive states. A novel connection between entanglement and superposition in any physical theory has been discovered, which helps confirm that secret key distribution in current quantum cryptographic protocols will work, even if quantum theory is incorrect and must be replaced by a more fundamental, 'beyond quantum' theory.
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